Integration of ocean observations into an ecosystem approach to resource management
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ocean observation programs are integral to the development of integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs), which provide the scientific basis for ecosystembased management (EBM). Ocean observation programs provide the basis for assessing the state of marine ecosystems and understanding the impacts of natural and anthropogenic forcing. They also underlie the development and testing of ocean models, which provide understanding of marine ecosystem processes and enable prediction of future ecosystem states. Observation programs also serve to monitor the impacts of marine management strategies. We discuss the development of EBM in the USA and Europe and examine the role of ocean observation programs. In particular, we note the need for integrated ocean observation programs that monitor the physical, chemical, and biological state of the oceans, including the zooplankton and midto higher trophic levels of large marine ecosystems. The further development of such integrated programs will require cooperation across government, academic and other institutions.
منابع مشابه
An Integrated Ecosystem Theory
The paper presents an ecosystem theory based on ten propositions. The ecosystem theory is an integration of several contributions from a number of system ecologists. It is of importance to apply this theory to explain ecological observations and use it environmental management because the alternative is to rely entirely on observations which is very time consuming, costly and cumbersome. The pr...
متن کاملA Multi Objective Optimization Approach for Resources Procurement of Bank
Calculating total cast of bank resources procurement methods which include current -free loan deposit, saving interest-free loan deposit, regular and net short-term investment deposit, long-term investment deposit and surety bond cash deposit and presenting their optimal integration require precise scientific studies. Hence, this study is an attempt to know which methods are the best optimal in...
متن کاملUrban planning, urban Management & Urban Air Pollution and solutions for solving it
In response to the facts that some Asian developing countries were experiencing the fastest rate of industrialisation and urbanisation, several international initiatives called for a better and ‘sustainable’ urban management. Development of management tools including strategic environmental assessment (SEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), cost benefit analysis (CBA), and environmental managemen...
متن کاملDistribution Modeling of Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839), Using Satellite Derived Environmental Variables in Indian Ocean
Understanding effects of environment on the distribution of economic fish is a fundamental step in the ecosystem-based management and ultimately a standard approach in management policies. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) is one of the most important aquatic species harvested in the Indian Ocean. The present study investigated the association of different variables effecting the rate of catch and d...
متن کاملSemantic Solutions for Integration of Federated Ocean Observations
Ocean observing is critical to the design and development of ecosystem-based management of public health risk, water quality, and living marine resources. Responsibilities and resources for observing the ocean, as for for other global natural resources, are distributed across regional, national and international agencies, with decentralised authority and limited funding. We discuss the challeng...
متن کامل